< Previous74 T H E R I F L E M A N . excellent musical programme had been arranged for the occasion. The chair was occupied by Hon. Lieutenant-Colonel \V. J. Lewis, J.P. (.Mayor of Bethnai Green), who was cordially welcomed, and the toast of whose health was heartily drunk at the instance of Lieutenant .-Mderman J. Pullen, w h o s e e f f o r t s o n b e h a l f o f t h e Charity Fund, as chainiian, have been greatly appreciated. Appro priate and deserved commenda tion of the energetic and success ful work of the president of the club (Mr. H. F. Ball) and the hon. s e c r e t t i r y ( L i e u t e n a n t J . V V. Bosanquet) was also made, and the proceedings, altogether, were of a most successful and genial nature. It may be mentioned that t h e e n g r a v i n g s o n t h e c u p s , prizes, etc., were executed gratuitously by .Mr. H. Goode, a n d t h a t t h a n k s w e r e a c c o r d e d t o t h e d o n o r s o f t h e a w a r d s which, with the winners, com prised the following;— President's. Medals: 1916-17, B. E. Oarlison, Esq. ; 1917-18, F. T. White, Esq. Cups—Darlison Cup and Medal (presented by Mr, B, E. Darli son) : M'oft by D. Power. King Cup and Medal (best shot) (presented by Mr. Ernest K i n g , C a n n o n B r e w e r y C o . ) : Won by T. Odden, Captain. .\pril Handicap: ist, T. Odden; 2nd, Lieutenant J. M". Bosanquet. M a v H a n d i c a p : i s t , ! L F. Ball: 2nd, E. J. Shepherd. June Handicap: 1st E. J. Shep herd: 2nd, G. Woodage. Julv Handicap: Ti(—Captain E. J.'Vt'ade and E. J. Shepherd. .vUgurt Handicap: ist, J. Brickwood ; 2nd, H. F. Ball. Te i g n m o u l h R . C . The Teignmouth K.C., at their annu d meeting, re-elected -Mr. Churchward as President and Mr. J. H. Dyer Hon. Secre tary .ukI Treasurer The range is now open. It was reported that 35 mem b e r s w e r e o n s e r v i c e . Arundel R.C. T h e - A r u n d e l R . C . h a s e . x - pericnced another successful vear, the finances and general progress being very satisfactory. The report to be presented to the annual meeting states that there has been a stimulating Tow of new members, mostly boys, in cluding at least one young Bel gian refugee, whose first shot was a bull's-eye. Members who have joined up have, almost Without exception, done well in their .Army test.t. 'Ihe rounds of .22 bore ammunition expended totalled 18,064, as compared with 17,639 rounds in itji6-i7._ Sub scriptions, amounted to 4^' (i.icluding ./ji is. paid in ad vance), as against .Ammunition receipts were 1,3 13s. 3d., as against ;^i8 9s. 2d. Two new rifles (converted Mar t i n i . 2 2 b o r e ) h a v e b e e n p u r chased ; also a new orthoptic sight. .A balance of £7 6s. ^ 2d. remains in hand, and there is a goixl stock (ii,67.t rounds) of .22 bore ammunition. Hearty thanks ar.' expressed to the Tresident, the Duchess of Norfolk, for the continued free use of the lAril! Hall. The youthful Duke. 01 Xoefolk collected and handed to the Club a 'arge quantity of fired ANNU.a\L generals. BY HON. SKC. A XNU.VL Generals are usually dry affairs,-and some clubs I wot of, experience a difficulty in finding a quorum, and that quoruiii a difficulty in keeping tiwake during the whole of the proceedings. Many yearly meetings will be held in December and Jannarv, and the following accotuit of a mixture of business and pleasure is given to other hon. sees, for what it is worth. In our case it was a decided success, bringing more members to the meeting than have been present since pre-war days. -A fortnight before the date a well-printed, gilt-edged card was despatched inviting each member and lady to a whist party, presentation of prizes, and annual general meeting, with an ■' K.S.V.P. to hon. sec." line at tiie bottom. A week later when definite numbers were available a few friends (and inci- deiitaiiv likely members) were invited. Eight hands of whist were played, next the business, pre sentation of prizes followed by refreshments, and the whist continued, concluding with a presentation of whist prizes, ail of which were given by members who aiipreciated the effort. Of course the business was in " tabloid " form and officers were asked to maice their speeches as general as possible and to make them " time limit " ones. The cost, including all details, worked out to a fraction under tenpenco per member, and tiie increased attendance at the range and billiard room, inquiries from friends of members, and applications for tickets to the regular whist drives has well justified the expense. sporting cartridge cases, and these brought in 7s. qd. Thanks I are tendered to for kindly help. V c i r i o u s p e r s o n s County Pnlatine of Lancaster (Small Bore) Ri"® Association. 'The following are the results ol the Summer, 191b. League (,om- DIVISION 1. petition :— Club. Garston Rochdale I'adiham .Manchester City G a r s w o o d H a l l C o l l i e r i e s I n s t i l u t e Bootic .Appleton Horwic'n W. H . L. Railway Mechanics' Institute ■■■ DIA'LSION 11- Clithcroe National Reserve Garston A I.ydgate Orrell and District Rochdale .A ^ H o r n b y I B l a c k b u r n ) " TIeywood and District ... ... ••• ^ Birkdale and .Ainsdale ••• Individual Aggregate Prize AA'innors. Division I., H. J. Mcintosh, Padihain Division H., T. Jackson, Clilhcroc National kcsurvc ... I 2 I 2 — 4 P. 14 12 8 S 0 4 14 to 9 9 ti 4 4 RIFLEMEN'S SALES AND EXCHANGE. A d v e r t i s e m e n t s i n t h i s c o l u m n will bo inserted at the rate of \d. p e r w o r d p e r i n s e r t i o n f o r p r i v a t e A d v e r t i s e m e n t s a n d I d . p a r w o r d f o r T r a d e A n n o u n c e m e n t s i f p r e paid. in consequence of the o r d e r r e c e n t l y ^ i s s u e d u n d e r the Defence of tiie Realm R e g u l a t i o n s i t i s n e c e s s a r y f o r b o t h b u y e r a n d s e l l e r t o obtain a special permit to purchase and sell respec t i v e l y b e f o r e a n y . 2 2 o r . 3 0 3 r i fl e s c a n b e d i s p o s e d o f b y m e m b e r s o f R i fl e C l u b s . S u c h p e r m i t s m u s t b e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e C o m p e t e n t M i l i t a r y A u t h o r i t y f o r t h e d i s t r i c t . A A ' a r O f fi c e . M i n i a t u r e a n d Short Lee-EiiT ield Rifles' wanted i n a n y c o n d i t i o n b y A . G . P a r k e r & C o . , L t d . , B i s l e y Wo r k s , ' i V h i t t a l l S t r e e t , B i r mingham. I'o'" .Sale, AA'ar Office .Minia ture Rille ; good condition ; fired 300 "ouiids ; acci-pt best offer.— A. B., c o S.AI.R.C. CHALLENGES. Inserted free of charj^e. Post Matches wanted. Finch- l e y S p e c i a l C o n s t a b u l a r y, 2 3 yards range, 8 to shoot, all to count ; first team, tiverage 96; second team, average 90.—E. G. H a m m o n d , 2 3 , S q u i r e s L a n e , Church End, Finchley N.3. Royal Marine Barracks (Chat h a m ) R . C . w o u l d l i k e P o s t Matches, 23 yards, open or aperture sights and slings, 8 or 10 men a-side, counting out optional. — Drum-Major V. G. Bacon, R.M. Barracks, Chat ham. P o s t M a t c h e s w a n t e d , 1 0 t o shoot 8 to count ; aperture sights and slings ; to extetid throtighont week. Soiithgate K.C.-AA'. H. Last, 41, Wa r w i c k R o a d , N e w Southgatc, N.ii. AVanted Post Matches for both First and Second Teams (averages 96 and y3). ^ or to a-side (latter preferred), 7 or 8 10 count. Open dales for 1919.— Replies to .A. I'L Rasell, Asso ciated Equipment R.C., Black- horse Lane. AA'idthamslow, l-:.i7. Endon R.C. would like to ar range Post .Matches, 23 yards' range (outdoor), aperture sights, 8 to shoot, 6 to count; average 92. Also Ladies' team wish to arrange Post Match.es, 23 yards, 6 to shoot, 4 to count, aperture sights, single hull. Matches to extend throughout week.—J. T. Robinson, Florence Terrace, Endon, Stoke-on-'Trcnt. I ' o s t m a t c h e s w a n t e d , 8 t o shoot, 6 to count, aperture sights and slings, extend throughcnt week, 23 yards. Herrington R.C., Sen-elary, J. Vounger, 16, Garden Street, Newbottle, Co. Durham. .Metropolitan Electric Rifle Club wish to arrange post matches on " tiauge Handicap " terms (see July Ripi.i;.man). Teams of 8 or to. 6 or 8 to count. 25 yards. Handicapping scale, for team averages of tjS, 97, 90, 93, etc., the corresponding gauge n u m b e r s w i l l b e — 1 , o , i , 2 , etc., respectively. Metropolitan gaugo= No. 3. H. J. Taylor, Melropolitan Electric Supply Co., Acton Lane, AA'illesden, N.AA'.io! A A ' i m b l c d o n P a r k R i fl e C l u b would like to arrange post matches, 8 or to a side, all to count, 25 yards, aperture sights, S.M.R.C. match targets. A ver age of first team 97, second team 95. D. S. Oakey, 202, Revel- stoke Road, London, S.AA'.iS, WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UKNovember , 1918. T H E R I F L E M A N . 75 ii DOMINION" BRAND. the best BRITISH ammunition FOR BRITISH marksmen. . NOBEL'S EXPLOSIVES COMPANY, LTD., GLASGOW 6 LONDON. P. C . B . WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UK76 T H E R I F L E M A N . November, 1918. RJCKARBY'S RIFLE CRICKET TARGET ^ - y , S U l t o M C s ' l U U ) . CO Yds u THE V.K."AIM TEACHER (REGISTERED) The "V.K." Aim Teacher consists of an enlarged back and fore sight, also a leaf showing results of a c a n t e d s i g h t , a n d s e v e r a l o t h e r a i m s . SPECIAL POINTS; 1. T eaching Conpect Aiming. 2 . H o w t o s h o w t h e r e s u l t s o f a c a n t e d sight. 3. Showing what too full a sight looks like. 4. T oo fine a sight. Supplied by the S.M.R.C. only. Price 16/= per 1,000. PRICE ^5^' NET. Postage 2d. To he obtained from the SOCIETY OF MINIATURE RIFLE CLUBS, Arundel House, Arundel Street, London, W .C.2. WINCHESTZR *22 LONG RIFLE "LESMOK" CARTRIDGES were used successfully in the following Competitions at the S.M.R.C. Meeting, June, 1916. " D A I L Y E X P R E S S . " ^ ^ " D A I L Y T E L E G R A P H . " ^ " D U K E O F W E S T M I N S T E R . " " S T E V E N S V A S E . " ^ ^ " B E N H A M . " ^ ^ ^ In all kiniJs of shooting they continue to excel. No matter what the make of your favourite arm is, you can bring out its possibilities to the fullest degree by using " Winchester " make of cartridges. S o l e D i s t r i b u t o r s i n t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o ' m : LONDON ARMOUR Y COMP ANY L TD., 3 1 , B u r y S t r e e t , S t . J a m e s ' , L o n d o n , S . W . I . WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UKRifleman T H E O F F I C I A L O R G A N O K T H K S O C I E T Y O F M I N I A T U R E R I F L E C L U B S . T k i . i c c u a p h i c A d d u h s s : " R i t l i s l i o l , E s l r a n t I , L o n d o n . " Te l e p h o n e : G e t r n n i — ^ 9 3 3 - Vol.. XV. No. loi (New Series). LOXDO.X, NOVEMBER, igiS. Monthly , One Penny . B O M B - D R O P P I N G F R O M A I R C R A F T. (Continued.) B y " B a l i s t i c a . " ' i ' n E E f f e c t o f W i n d o n t h e F l i g h t o f t h e B o j i b . IN considering the cft'ect of wind on the llight of the bomb it is useful to h:i\c a guide as to the winds to be met witli and their force. Such a guide is afforded by the table of the force and velocity of the wind adopted by the Meteorological Office in 1911 which is founded on that originally compiled in 1805 by Admiral B e a u f o r t . T h e t a b l e i s a s f o l l o w s : — Table oi Force and Velocity of M'ind. Figure indicating the Doscriptiun t»f Bti'cngth wind. of the Av i i u l 0Calm 1Light air 2 Light breeze 3 Gentle breeze 4 Moderate breeze 5 Fresh breeze 6Strong breeze 7 Moderate gale 8 Fresh gale ... 9 Strong gale... 10 Whole gale ... 11Storm 12 Hurricane This t a b l e w a s d r a w n Ve l o c i t y of wind in I S I i l e s p e rFeet per hour . second. 00 2 2.9 5 — 4 ' C I 10 14-7 15 22.0 21 30.8 27 39-'^ 35 51-3 42 61.6 50 73-3 59 86. s 6899.8 Above 75 Above no ill cigcAiiijL ... ...w .. instructions as to the amount of sail which could be employed safely were given. For instance, against the figures indicating the strength of the wind 6 and 7 the instruction, " Reduction of sail becomes necessary with leading wind," is given in the Beaufort table. An ana logous table, if drawn up, would conceivably be of value in aerial navigation. The lateral and longitudinal effect of the wind must be considered separately. In Figure V. let AB be direc tion of flight of the aeroplane or the direction of flight of the bomb, CD be the line along which the wind is blowing in the direction indicated by the arrow and EF a per pendicular let fall from a point E on CD to a point F on .AB. In the right-angled triangle GFE, the wind components are as follows :— GF = GE cosine FGE = longitudinal component; EF = GE sine FGE = lateral component. •Supposing the force of the wind as represented by GE to be 10 foot-seconds, and the angle at which the wind blows across the line of direction of flight to 30 degrees, the wind components are as follows :— Long:itudinal component=io cosine 30° = 8.7 f.s. Lateral component =10 sine 30° = 5.0 f.s. be Fisj. v . The components of a 10 f.s. wind for various angles which the wind makes with the line of flight is contained in the following table :— Lonyitndinal and Lateral Components of a lo f.s. Wind, Angle wind makes Longitudinal Lateral with line of fire. component. component. degs. f.s. f.s. 0 lO.O 0.0 •S 10.0 0.9 109.8 '•7 '39.7 2.6 20 9 4 3-4 259.1 4.2 30 8.7 5-0 35 ■ 8 . 2 5-7 407-76.4 457-' 7-1 50 6.4 7-7 555-7 8.2 60 5-08-7 65 4.2 9-1 70 3-4 9-4 752.6 9-7 80 1-7 9.8 8.5 0.9 10.0 900.0 10.0 WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UK78 T H E R I F L E M A N . November, 1918. With the assistance of this table the components of any wind velocity at any angle which the wind makes with the line of flight may be obtained by using the pro portionate rule. For instance, a 33 f.s. wind blowing at an angle of 65 degrees would give a longitudinal component of 13.9 f-s. and a lateral component of 30.0 f.s. Whether the longitudinal component is a " head " or " following " wind, or the lateral component a " right to left " or " left to right " wind, is a matter of common sense. We will now proceed to deal with the effect of the wind on the bomb's flight and to consider the longi tudinal and lateral effects separately. L0NGITUDIX.A.L Effect of Wind. If we let X = the range in still air (feet) ; Xj = the range due to the wind (feet) ; q = the alteration in range due to the apparent alteration in the initial velocity of the bomb (feet); y, ^ the longitudinal component of the wind (f.s.). and f = the time taken by the bomb in falling (seconds); we have then for a head ivind : — Xi = a; + g —w^t and, for a following wind: — X^ = X g -rti'if {35) (36) It is evident that the principal difficulty in using formulae (35) and (36) is the estimation of the value of g. The correct way to determine its value is by calculating in small arcs as was done in last month's article for a value of V increased or diminished by the value of for a following or a head wind respectively as the case may be. Having calculated the range X and the time of flight through the air as if for still air, the range corrected for wind in the case of a head wind is X — iv^t^; and for a following wind X + However, this is a long and tedious procedure which is luckily unnecessary, as for all practical purposes the parabolic formulae will provide us with the alteration in ranee to sufficient accuracy. To find the alteration in range (g) for an increase or decrease of initial velocity, if we let V = the normal velocity (f.s.) Vj= the velocity (increased or diminished) (f.s.) then, by the parabolic formulae. fzh g = / - ( V - V 9 ■ vj (37) As an example we may take the case of a 30 f.s. head wind (equal to a " Fresh breeze " on the Beaufort scale) blowing at 60 degrees to the line of flight, and ascertain its effect upon the trajectory of the bomb of 6olb. weight and S^-in. diameter we calculated by small arcs. By the table of wind components the longitudinal component of the wind we are considering is 15 f.s. head ("Gentle breeze ")• The data of the problem, using the notation of formulae (35) and (37), are:— X = 2,514 feet; t = 21.33 seconds; = 15 f.s.; h = 6,000 feet; V = 140 f.s. ; Vi = 125 f.s. By formula (37) we have :— /12,000 g = / ( 1 4 0 — 1 2 5 ) V 32-19 = V 3 7 3 X 1 5 = 19-3 X 15 = 289 feet. (The same result would, of course, be obtained if Table H. were used and the difference of the values of x taken therefrom for ¥=140 f.s. and Vi=i25 f.s.) Then, by formula (35), X, = 2,5144-289— 15 X 21.33 = 2,514-1-289 — 320 = 2,483 feet. The effect of a 15 f.s. head wind (" Gentle breeze ") on the bomb, therefore, is to diminish the range by 31 feet. Lateral Ef fect of Wind. G e n e r a l D i d i o n ' s f o r m u l a f o r t h e l a t e r a l e fl e c t o f wind on a projectile is:— / D = I V . . \ t • ■ ( 3 8 ) \ V / where :— D = the lateral effect in feet; lOn = the lateral component of the wind; t = the time of flight of the bomb; X = the range in feet; and V = the initial velocitv of the bomb. .'\s in the example for the calculation of the longi tudinal effect, let us take the case of a 30 f.s. wind blowing at 5o degrees to the line of flight in the case of the trajectory determined by small arcs. The table of wind components informs us that the lateral component of the wind is 26.1 f.s. (midway between a " moderate breeze " and a " fresh breeze "). O u r d a t a a r e : — 33 = 2,514 feet; V = 140 f.s. ; t = 21.33 seconds; a n d = 2 6 . 1 f . s . Then, using formula (38) we obtain:— D = 2 6 . ] 2,514 21-33 — 140 = 26.1 (21.33 — 17.96) = 8 8 f e e t . .A lateral wind of 26.1 f.s. blowing from left to right across the line of flight of the bomb would therefore deflect the bomb 88 feet to the right. {To be continued.) WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UK79 B U R R O U G H E S & W AT T S C O M P E T I T I O N , 1 9 1 8 . Conditions : Teams of four from any Club in the United Kingdom affiliated to the S.M.R.C. 20 shots jjer man deliberate at 25 yards, on two S.M.R.C. Match targets. RESUL T OF PRELIMIN.^R Y ROUND. M e t r o . E l e c t r i c B Te a m . . . 7'9 beat G a r s t o n . A T e a m . . . To n d u a n d D i s t r i c t Harrow 769 768 745 > » » > G r i m s b y C e n t r a l . V Te a m 7S3 11 S i l l o t h B T e a m Borough of Portsmouth ... 710 780 11 1 1 C C o . 2 n d Y o r k s V . R . A Te a m 703 1 > Guildford and District ... 771 beat C r a 3 ' f o r d B Te a m 742 1 » Herdon and Cricklewood B T e a n ; ■ . 739 1 1 Castleford V ols. A T eam H j d e p a r k B T e a m 760 754 1 i i1 G.E.R. (Liverpool Street) B T e a m . . . 745 1 1 Ruston Aircraft Darlington Rly. .Athletic... 751 754 11 1 1 Finchley -Special Const. .A Te a m 77S 11 Associated Equipment Co. A T e a m768 .. P e r t h i S i t y a n d C o u n t y . . . W i m b l e d o n P a r k . A T e a m Reading .A Team 779 783 754 I 1 II H a m a n d P e t e r s h a m A Te a m 773 Monmouth and District ... 760 11 A C o . H u n t s V o l s . . A Te a m Upper ,511113 B Team 683 754 1 1 L . P . . S . H e a d q u a r t e r s B Peam 749 1 1 H e s t o n B T e a m . . . 735 A t l a s B T e a m 743 ,, P o r t l a n d . S p o r t s C l u b 720 ■ ' Ellengowan P i t s m o o r , C T e a m . . . 788 768 1 1 1 1 Gloucester City A Team... 742 : H a z e l l s . V T e a m . . . Harrington A Team Norwich Electric Tr a m w a y s G l o u c ( r s t e r W a g o n W o r k s C T e a m Carlton and Dist. B o u l t o n & P a u l , L t d . , . \ Te a m . . . Cambridge Rlys. .A T eam... 6i6 by 103 6S9 ,, So 7>3 691 .54 /.a- 695 767 694 Dumfries town and Maxwell- 747 beat Hammersmith Iron \ \ ' o r k s 1 3 T e a m 7 4 3 b y AVallsend and Neptune B Te a m Luton and District T eam 7 5 2 , , N e w c a s t l e & D i s t . E l e c t r i c L i g h t i n g C o . - A T e a m . . . 7 4 9 , , 3 7 5 9 w . o . W i t n e y P l a t . O . x - ford V ols. .A T e a m . . . . . . d i s q u a l i fi e d * ' L h m e l l y . . . . . . . . . 7 4 2 , , H e n d o n . . . . . . , , * Each of these teams shot eight men instead of four. RESUL T OF FIRST ROUND. H e w o r t h B P e a m . . . C T e a m Holmes Chapel Det. Ches. V .R. B Te a m Holmes Chapel Det. Ches. V .R. C Te a m Ly n e • • • . A C o . H u n t s A ' ^ o l s . B T e a m . . . .Southampton Tram- wtiys Crovdon N.R. B C o . i s t V . B . Oxon and Bucks L.I 5 78 by J 93 575 >> '*57 585 610 154 150 6277 . > 1 2 7 622 632 649 J. S. White & Co. (Cowes) D Team 675 Nos. 17 & 18 Plats. E C o . 2 n d V . B . A'orks Regt. ... 667 Ferryhill N.'E.R. . 685 Uckfield ... ... 690 A C o . 4 t h V . B . We l s h R e g t . . . . 6 6 9 No. 5 (Liskeard) P l a t . B C o . 2 n d Cornwall V.R. . <590 N D i v . M e l T o . Police 679 H a z e l l s B Te a m . . . 6 0 9 White & PoppiS B T e a m . . . . . . 6 7 7 Castleford V ols. B Te a m Cambridge Rlys. B Te a m A C o . I S t N o r t h a n t s V. R Holmes Chapel Det. Ches. V .R. A Te a m Deal and District -A Co. i/ist Northern C o u n t i e s H i g h l a n d \ M ? . A Te a m . . . 6 9 9 B e t h n a 1 G r e e n Tr a d e s m e n . . . 6 7 4 <574 660 669 646 717 123 11 9 103 lOI 94 93 85 81 74 77 /a 74 69 68 r7o 763 7S9 742 763 Bolsovcr Colliery ... B r i g h t o n R l y . . A t h l e t i c A Te a m G r i m s b y C e n t r a l A T e a m L.G.O.C. -A T eam... Alitcham Clitheroe N.R. B Team ... 735 R e n fi e l d C Te a m . . . . . . 7 6 0 G.E.R. Mech. Inst. A Team 773 Yo r k s N . E . R l y. B Te a m 7 7 6 Rly. Transport Depot (R.E.) R T e a m 7 5 1 G.E.R. Mech. Inst. BTeam 760 741 beat C Co. 2nd Y orks V.R. B Team ... 6S4 by 57 C C o . 2 n d A ' o r k s V.R. .A Team ... 715 ,, 55 Royal Marines (Chatham) A T e a m Brinclif fe and Ecclesall B Te a m C a x t o n B T e a m . . . Lancaster Caxton M.R. .Association Fmchley Special Const. C Te a i t i .Assoc. Equipment (m. B T e a m ' G.E.R. (Liverpool Street) . V T e a m . H e w o r l h A T e a m . . . Midland Rly., Nottingham U p p e r M i l l s A Te a m M'althnmstow Ensign A T e a m . . . . . . " Cheam Hammersmith Iron W orks . A T e a m . Mel ropolitan, Birmingham .Arbroath Globe W orks 75S 772 722 7JS 737 765 760 745 764 752 734 773 782 778 757 738 724 R..A.E. D T eam... 709 C r a y f o r d C T e a m 7 3 6 Rly. T ransp. Depot R.E. D Team ... 6S9 B i c e s t e r T o w n a n d District ... ... 712 A Div. Special Const. B T e a m . . . . . . 6 8 6 R . . A . E . C Te a m . . . 7 1 2 Southgate ... ... 72S R u s t o n & H o r n s b y ' s B o i l e r W o r k s B T e a m . . . . . . 7 3 0 Barnsley and Dist. 705 .A Co. i .Tst Northern C o u n t i e s H i g h l a n d " 5 4 " 5 3 53 j» .51 J > V . R . B T e a m ■S p e r r y n A t h l e t i c B T e a m 715 49 4S 47 46 46 45 Grimsby Corpn. B Te a m T h a t c h a m . S p e c i a l P o l i c e B T e a m . . . - A p p l e t o n B T e a m 7 3 6 H o r s h a m B T e a m M i d l a n d R l y ( K e t t e r i n g ) A T e a m Rly. Transp. DepOt R.E. C T eam... H o r s h a m C T e a m . Harrington BT eam D C o . 4 t h V . B . Middlesex Regt. Appleton C Team . 71 Llandudno... Cowes R . A . E . B T e a m . . . K Div. (Limehouse) Metro. Police ... S i l l o t h B T e a m . . . J . S . W h i t e & C o . (Cowes) C Team 715 " 4 3 731 ,, 41 6S2 .. 40 736 .. 39 69S .. 39 7-7 . > 3 8 72238 707 .. 38 730 .. 34 72032 702.. 32 743,, 30 753 >. 29 749,, 29 72S ,, 29 709' >. 29 "^95 29 WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UK80 Wimbitrdon Park B Team J. S. White & Co. (Cowps) B T e a m . . . T H E R I F L E M A N . XOVE.MBEII, 1918', 7 7 1 b e a t W e s t H a m N . R . A Te a m L e e B T e a m Barrow Borough of Portsmouth ... . U l a s . V T e a m H a : * o d s Te r r i t o r i a l A s s o c . Kensington H o r t l e y W i n t n e y R . X . B a r r a c k s ( D e v o n - port) .\ Team C l i t h e r o e \ . R . A T e a m . . . R . N . B a r r a c k s ( D e v o n - p o r t ) B Te a m . . L . G . O . C . B T e a m British Elec. T r .ansformer L o n d o n & S . \ ^ ' . R a i l w a y . . . Royal .\ir Estab. A Team .\ppleton A Team. ... Manchesior City L . P. S . H e a d q u a r t e r s . V ■Pcan. Y.D. Div. Special Const. Metro. Police P Div. Metro. Police Faversham N.R. ... X.E. Rly. (York) A Team 743 777 /25 7S2 782 759 768 783 776 773 761 741 749 77' 762 758 775 782 750 698 756 756 /oa 't 746 .. 762 „ 755 o 7 5 - > > 740 .. 720 7^9 .. Z-? " 753 )» 75s 783 Luton ;md Dist. .V leam... 77- Meigle and Dist. .\ Team 7S0 R e n fi e l d B T e a m Devonport A 'leam Sissons .\ Co. Morayshire Y'.R. B Te n i l • • Hydepa.k A 'i'eam BrincUlie and Ecclesall C Te a m Metro. Electric A Team ... VIckers (Crayford.l -A Team Finciiley Specitd Const. B Te a m Herriiigton 7S0 76S 737 730 776 761 775 773 jC'i West wood Work.s B Team 712 To i i d u a n d D i s t r i c t 7 6 9 St Botoljih. Bishop-sgatc... 763 Carswood Hall ColIicrie.s 771 ,, White & Poppd A Te a m ,, Gloucester Wagon W o r k s A T e a m „ R e a d i n g B Te a m ,, Harrow „ X o . I P l a t . A C o . 2nd 'V .B. Y orks ,, Meigle and Dist. B 733 ,, Royal Marines (C h a t h a m) B 'Peani W e s t H a m X . R . B T e a m . W a l t h a n i s t o w E n sign B Team ... , L u t o n a n d D i s t r i c t B T e a m , P i t s n i o o r B T e t i m , Mann Egerton R.C. , G l o u c e s t e r Wa g o n W o r k s B T e a m , N e w c a s t l e i v D i s t . Electric Lighting C o . B T e a m . . . , F a v e r s h a m B o y Scouts Cripplegate Innerleithen and District ... 744 L i v e r p o o l B Te a m 7 4 0 C h i s w i c k . . . . . . 7 5 8 Wallsend and Nep tune C Team ... 766 Silloth A Team ..< 732 G l o u c e s t e r C i v i l Service 768 W o k i n g h a m P l a t . 7 3 7 Hendon and Crickle- wood A Team... 767 Stirling B Team ... 7(17 Brighton Riy. .\th. B l e a m . . . 7 3 3 M e t r o . E l e c t r i c C T e a m . . . . . . 7 2 4 Nos. 14 &• 16 Plats. D C o . 2 n d V . B . W. R i d i n g R e g t . 7 1 7 Rly. Traiisp. Depot R . E . A Te a m . . . 7 6 4 , P a d i h a m . . . . . . 7 6 0 Jedburgh 749 Garston A Team... 764 Wallsend and Nep t u n e A Te a m . . . 7 6 2 , N o . 8 P l a t . B C o . 2nd A'orks Regt. 732 , T, . G . O . C . C Te a m 7 0 1 , G l o u c e s t e r C i t y B T e a m 7 6 0 , B l a c k f r i a r s . . 7 3 4 , I , e e C T e a m . . . 7 6 3 , 743 by 28 7 ' S > > 2 8 27 27 26 26 26 23 22 21 21 21 21 19 18 iS 15 17 16 i6 ^3 13 IS 12 12 11 11 11 9 9 8 Garston B Team ... A Div. Special Const. Te a m Orrell and District North Staffs RIv. ... Wallasey Stourbridge Borough of Wandsworth... Horsham. A Team No. 2 Plat. A Co. ist V.B. Devons Regt Vickers (Crayford) B Team Portslade .A Team D e v o n p o r t B T e a m . . . Grimsby Corpn. .A Team... 780 737 772 753 749 771 764 748 731 754 752 768 A r c a d i a . \ T e a m . . I,iverp(X)l A Team... St. Faith's, Brentford Hartlepool . . -Metro. Electric B Team Hanley Y..M.C.A. ... Thetford V .T .C. ... Pitsmoo.'- A Team , Upper Tooting Church Inst. 737 Lee .A Team Prcstwich and District ... Crayford A Team Llaiielly Ruston & Hornsby's Boiler W o r k s A ' F c a n i Stirling A Team D u m f r i e s a n d J l a x w e l l - town Midland Rly., Derby Heston .A Team Sperryn .Athletic .A Team... Metro. (Birmingham) B Te a m Midland Rly. (Kettering) B T e a m . . . Thatcham Special Police A Te a m Fredk. Steel & Co., Ltd., B T e a m 761 beat Luton and Dist. C T e a m 7 5 3 b y S .A Co. I St -Moray V. R . A Te a m . . . 7 2 9 o S L e v e i i a n d D i s t r i c t 7 6 3 „ 7 Vicker.s (Crayford) C T e a m • • • 7 4 6 . . 7 Haiiipstead Sjiecial C o n s t a b u l a r v 7 4 2 . . Addisconibe .\ ieaiii 765 .. P o r t s l a d e B Te a m 7 3 8 , , H a m a n d P e t e r s h a m B T e a m . . . 7 4 2 . . Old Graniniarinns, Brighton ••• 725 .. J. S. White & Co. (Cowes) A Team 749 ,, B o u l t o n & P a u l , Ltd., B Team ... 747 .. J.A.P . 704 .. Brincliffe and Fc- clesall 777 .. W e s t H a m P o l i c e 7 6 3 , , C i t y o f f . o n d o n X.R. 7.58 .. Dnnston E.vcelsior 731 ,, Grimsby C'-ntrtd B T e a m 7 6 5 . . 2 Maidenhead and District ... 756 ,, 2 Ealing A Team ... 764 .. 1 745 drew with Ealing B Te.-nii 743 778 w.o. Fuller's EIcc. Works did not complete. A r c a d i a B Te a m did not complete. Wimbledon Park c T e a m s c r a t c h e d A d d i s c o n i b e B Te a m , , A Co. i7tli County of London ... ... 760 ,, Wallsend and Nep t u n e B ' J ' e n n i . . . 759 „ Fredk. Steel & Co., Ltd., .A Team ... 738 ,, S Div. Metro. Police ybG 701 734 767 75S 765 6 6 6 6 774 763 762 /0-) 749 742 730 724 693 6S9 Charing Cross Electric Granville Canadian .A Team Renfield A Team... Bishop Auckland... S Div. Metro. P.ilice B ' f o t n i i X D i v . S p e c i a ! C o n s t a b u l a r y . . . We s t w o o d ' A T e a m Wo r k s Ealing B Team RESUL T OF SECOND ROUND. Granville Canadian B T e a m (Neither team returned targets.) Resui.t of T ie Shoot. 763 beat Thetford V.'l.C. ... 713 by 3c. H a r r o d s T. . A 7 6 ? b e a t A C o . H u n t s V o l s . Finciiley .Special Const. C .A IV am Ten 111 768 ,, Tliatdiani Special Police .A Team... I - . G . O . C . B T e a m764 ,, Caxton M.R.A. B Brinclif fe and Ecclesall C Te a m Te a m 766 ,, W estwood U'orks B T e a m G a r s l o n B T e a m 756,, .A Co. .Moray V.R. B T e a m Y u r k s . N . E . R . A T e a m . . .789 , , . A t l a s I > Te a m 677 by 86 702 ,, 66 7 " S 3 7'9 47 709 747 47 42 Orrell and District P i t s m o o r C Te a m . . . H y d c p a r k B Te a m P i t s m o o r A Te a m . . . Finciiley .Special Const. A Te a m M e t r o . I t l e c t r i c B Te a m . . . G.F..R. (Liverpool Street) B T e a m 774 beat Upper Mills B Team 733 by 41 766 /:>D 782 777 748 753 Metro. (Birming ham) B Team ... Portland Sports Club H o r s h a m A Te a m Caxton .A Team... Midland Rly. (Ket tering) B Team Heworth B Team 726 ,, 40 716 ,, SO' 744 ,, 38- 739 .. 38' 7 " n 3 7 7 1 8 - - 3 5 WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UKT H E R I F L E M A N . 81 ?vo. 2 rial. A Co. isi %M3. D c v o n s R e g t Y o r k s X . K . R . B ' I ' c . n n i . . . Haniniersmilh Iron W orlcs A T e a m . . . Alciglo and Dist. .V Team M e t i o . E l e c t r i c T e a m . . . Borough of Tortsmoulh ... R e a d i n g A Te a m . . . Upper Tooting Churcii Inst. P e r t h C i t y ; i n d C o u n t y . . . R e n fi e i d B ' i e a m tjuiidford and District Eiiengo'.van Midland Riy., Derby Stirling ■N'orlh .Staffs Rttilway B r i g h t o n R a i l w. a y . A t h l e t i c V'ickers (Crtiyford) B Te,-im G r i m s b y C e n t r a l . \ ' I V t i m Cheam ■Stourbridge Mitrh;mi ... Darlington Rly. .Athletic... Bee A T eam l.iverpool A Team B o l s o v e r C o l l i e r y 764 beat 7>)i 77" 766 758 < / a 760 759 770 783 762 783 7"7 774 763 743 75" 786 7S0 775 703 75" 777 747 774 Gloucester City A Te a m S p e r r y n A t h l e t i c A Te a m Globe AA^orks H c s t o n B T e a m . . . St. B o t o 1 p h, I>ishop.sgate E.Ci.O.C. A T etim •Sisson.s D u m f r i e s a n d M a x - welltown E.P.S. Hcadquar- l e r . s B T e a m . . . Luton and District .A T eam H e s t o n . A Te t i m . . . R u s t o n B o i l e r A A ' o r k s . A T e a m Monmouth and District ... AAkihhamstow En- f'g" Clitheroe X.R. B 'Jeam Crayford .A Team Barrow Clitheroe N.R A Te a m titirswood Hall Col lieries Prestwich and Dist. Portslade A T ettm B r i t i s h E l e c t r i c T r a n s f o r m e r . . . Royal M a r i n e s ( C h t i t h a m ) . A . . . Alidland Rly., Not tingham .Associated Equij)- ment Co. -A T etun 732 by 32 761 .. 3" 7 4 " , ,3" 73729 732 1, 2O 754 .. 21 739 M 21 738 II 2t 750 1 1 20 764 II 19 743 ••'9 760 ,| 17 7 5 " 1 117 7.58 1, 16 747 II 16 727 1 1 16 735 II15 773 II13 7 7 " I I 10 769 II 9 754 1 19 741 >19 769 11 S 739 .1 8 767 11 7 l - . P . S . H e a d q u a r t e r s A Te a m R e n f u d d C T e a m . . . L. & .S.AA". Rly Arcadia -A T eam C r t i y f o r d B Te a m . . . R u s t o n ' s A i r c r a f t . . . R . X . B a r r a c k . s A ' l A - a m . . . To n d u a n d D i s t r i c t E a v e r s h a m X . R . . . . ■ A t l a s . A T e a m ^ . . . Hnriney AA'intnev ... U p p e r M i l l s . A Te a m . . . A A ' i m b k x l o n P t t r k . A T e a m Devonport .A Tettm A A ' i m b l e d o n P a r k B T e t t m Borough of AA'andsworth... R . X . B a r r a c k s f D e v o n p o r l ) B T e a m . . . Grimsbv Corpn. .A Teatii... llanley'A-.M.C.A .Applcton .A Teain ... Metro. (Birtuinghant) L e e B T e a m H t t m t i n d P e t e r s h t t m . A 'J'etim .A Div. Specittl Const. .A Te a m 769 beat G.E.R. (l.iverpool S t r e e t ) - A Te a m D e v o n p o r t B Te a m Hemion and Crickle- wixtd E a l i n g B Te a m . . . » Castleford A'ols. .A 'T ettm L a t i c a s t e r . . . Brinrlif fe and Ec- c l e s a l l B ' T e a m H y d e p t t r k . A Te a m .Arbroath ... Hartlepool AA'.allasey ... R 1 V . T r a n s p o r t D.^pot R.E. B 762 761 759 7S0 778 766 77" 768 766 742 7 6 2 b y 7 755 •' 7 7 5 4 > > 7 7 5 2 i > 7 726 774 772 7fx) 765 763 761 f c a m 737 1 15 778. , r D i v . M e t r o . Police 774 1 14 / / • A ' i c h e r . s . A ' T e a m . . . 7 6 S 11 4 770 ., lA.E.R. Mech. Inst. B ' T e a m 766 „ 4 754 ., Llanelly 750 1 14 768 M a n c h e s t e r C n t y. . . 7 6 5 - „ 3 7<-)o Heworth .A T eam...788 11 2 7"5 , , E i n c h l e v S p e c i a l C o n s t . B T e a m 763 1. 2 77^ 1, Y .D. Div . .Metro. .Special Const. 77^ »» I 757 J . S . A A ' h i t e < " v C o . (Cowes) B 'Te.am 75f>1 781 drew with Kensington... 781 762 w.o. Rtte did not return targets Rensington ... 7 3 S w. o . S t . E t t i t h ' s , B r e n t ford R E . S l ' L ' T O E ' I ' l E S H O O T . 7 8 5 . . l a e B ' T e a m scratched 764 ,, 19 REGISTER OF WINNERS. Yi a r 1917 igiy igi8 igi8 igi8 igi8 igiS 1918 igiS igi8 igi8 igi8 igiS igi8 igi8 igi8 igi8 igi8 igi8 igi8 igi8 1918 igi8 igi8 igi8 1918 igi8 igi8 Club. Hani antd Petersham Te i g i i m o u t h ist C.B. Rojal Fusiliers Balmillo North Fulham Special Const. G l o u c e s t e r C i v i l S e r v i c e Old Cleeve and District H . M . S . " B l a k e " Clifton Rnston and Hornsby Boiler AA'ks Barrow Te i g n m o n t h Lincoln Church House Artington Boys Hong Kong Ladies British Screw Co. (Leeds) Waring and Gillow (Lancaster) Walasey Village H.M.S " Diligence" Jamaica College Uckfield Section V .T .C. Llanelly N orthern Polytechnic Cadet Corps K (Plaistow Sub. Div.; Met. Police 3rd V. B. Middlesex Regt. C Coy. 10 and 1 1 Platoon Ruston Iron W orks Aston Ordnance Athletic 2 n d H e r t s V. R . , N o . 4 P l a t o o n No. 36.5 2404 3923 gia 1608 772 1765 3101a 2488 1610a 3264 2404 11 4 3 2352 3704 4089 4152 11 0 5 3207a 2152a 2035a 2030 1642 3518 1238a 1677 2513a 3322a Bell Medal. E. Soul hen E. V . Hearn Pte. Bellairs M i s s W e b s t e r W. W. Strong E. J. Neininger A. Bryant G. Thompson F. W . G o t t —. Hodgson B. Matison R. Dyer F. H o l l i n s h e a d W. M o u l d e n Mrs. Shaw J. Robinson A. K. Hiller J. G. Anderson H. C. Chambers Cpl. C Linniker Sgt. A. Harris P. C . C a l d e r Pte. Harrison J. MacDonald N. F. Meachem Pte. H. Maskill Daily E.vpress Medal. T. H. Wright G. L. Anderson Cpl. Handley P. H e n d e r s o n M. C. Keen T. H R a y n e r A. James C. Williams G. Peach —. Lucas A. E. Chappell A. Best G. T ucker J. Jordan G. Powell J. Robinson J. A. Heap J. G. Anderson L. Ashenheim Cpl. C. Linniker Cadet C. Philip P. S . A n d r e w s P.S. Tillyard W. E . H o l m e s A. Jennings Daily Telegi af-h Certideatc, N l i s s K . M a v G. Rendell " Cpl. Handley W. H a y G. Barrett J. D. Yeomans H. Luxton E. Masev G. Peach •—. Linnell V. B l a n c h a r d G. L. Anderson J. Parke F. P o r t s m o u t h P. F " a w c e l t W. S i m p s o n T. C . Ta v l o r R. H. Lee H. C. Chambers Pte. H. Nelson P. S . B o l l e n Pte. Harrison R. H. Skelton J. H. Taylor D a i l y M a i l Cct iijicate. 1 T. H. W'right J. M. Pratt W. H a y F". Burford i Miss G. James W. K i n g Lieut. Radge F. G r i m s h a w —. Sudbury V. B l a n c h a r d F. R e n d e l l F. S m i t h J. Relf Mrs. Shaw G. Powell C. Briggs W. R . C o l l i n s J. C. Wadley H. C.Chambers Pte. W . Hare S. C. Payne P. S . B o l l e n P.S. Tillyard A. E. Sayers A. P . I^reeman Ladv's Medal. M i s s S . Ta i l y a n Miss Loureiro Mrs. E. R. W. Ta y l o r WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UK82 T H E R I F L E M A N .XOVEMBKI!, lillS. T H E . 2 2 C A L I B R E M I N I A T U R E R I F L E . C O N S I S T E N T A C C U R A C Y : E R R O R S A F F E C T I N G I T . B y " C a b t o n . " {Continued.) Perhaps a few of the reasons why the .22in. calibre rifle was not accepted so readily as it might have been as a very useful and economical weapon adapted for the training of recruits before the outbreak of the war was that no shock of recoil when firing and that practically no account need be taken of the effect of wind upon the bullet, or of light, tempera ture, condition and warmth of the barrel, not to mention barometric pressure, mirage, drift, jump, and personal equation which varies with each different firer. Ad mittedly, instruction on miniature rifle ranges is in no sense a final training, but no one will deny that it is a very useful and economical preparation for the real, serious work on the classification range, especially if the latter is distant or perhaps its accommodation inadequate. We are concerning ourselves with the errors which affect accuracy in rifle shooting generally and at this stage have arrived at the "error of day." Unfor tunately, perhaps, as regards training, the effect which the soldier has to contend with is very small because when firing his course of musketry in which the result of each of his shots is signalled his most distant range is limited to 400 yards where the position of each shot mark is only indicated approximately with a disc 12 inches in diameter. However, much could be written about the " error of day," but I propose in the space at my disposal to concentrate upon the effect of wind upon the long rifle cartridge bullet of the light calibre weapon which, although considered to be small up to the loo yards range, is not so insignificant as to be entirely ignored by the club shot when shooting at 50 yards. On outdoor club ranges, generally, very few devices are placed so that a firer may estimate the velocity and true direction of wind; these fore wind allowances are invariably a matter of guess work. Again, these ranges are generally sheltered, so that if flags were hoisted at a position—say adjacent the firing point or at the butts —while a variable wind was blowing they would not afford much assistance to the firer, which perhaps even then would be rather misleading. So there are many methods adopted to counteract the force of wind on the bullet and estimate the neces sary allowance to be made, one a very elementary method—being to fire a " group " and then to bring the centre of the " group " to the centre of the bull's-eye. But as the wind is liable to shift, which it often does when firing a series of shots, the firer should learn to judge approximately before commencing his practice and so allow for it as correctly as he can, paying attention to possible variation as he proceeds. The ordinary outdoor club range is, however, a good school for the training of the would-be miniature rifle marksman because of the number of obstacles he has to contend with regarding the position of the site—safety and accessibility being the principal factors ensuring its popularity and success. Experience gained on these types of ranges will give him confidence when he ventures later into wider fields of open competition at our principal miniature rifle meetings, which are generally held on ranges where the wind sweeps unchecked by woods or cliff sides and where the flags enable the competitors to accept their indication as being of practical use. The inconsistency of direction of the wind is in variably the greatest source of trouble. A right angle wind, i.e., a wind blowing directly across the range, has a greater effect upon the bullet in its course than a wind blowing obliquely, say from 10, 8, 2, or 4 o'clock, and a very common change to be noticed is for a straight course wind to back or fill to one of the latter points— or, of course, the reverse—and one is more likely to be caught napping by this particular shift than by an increase or decrease in velocity. However, the effect of these side winds up to 50 yards is very small. The firer at 25 yards, in fact, may treat it as being almost negligible; at 50 yards, if the wind is fairly strong and gusty, aiming at a point on the " bull " known as five or seven o'clock, occasionally when the gust warrants it, will assist him in securing all-in results; but at the 100 yards range—where the .22 calibre rifle and its bullet will provide ideal sport—a side wind, even an occasional zephyr, must receive attention, and due allowance made by altering the point of aim or adjusting the backsight in the orthodox manner or a serious drop in the scoring will result. Mr. E. H. Robinson, the well-known expert and excellent authority on the subject, says, in his book " Rifle and Carton," that wind table constructing by experience is heartbreaking, but here is my table for w h a t i t i s w o r t h — T. a b l e o f W i n d A l l o w a n c e f o r . 2 2 R i fl e s i n I n c h e s O N T H E T a r g e t . Wind blowing full across the range. 100 yards. 200 yards. M o d e r a t e . . . 2 i n c h e s 6 i n c h e s F r e s h 4 i n c h e s 1 2 i n c h e s S t r o n g 5 i n c h e s 1 6 i n c h e s Very strong ... 7 inches 24 inches Moderate Fresh Strong ... Very strong 100 yards. 1 i n c h if inches 2 i n c h e s 4 inches 200 yards, 3 inches 6 i n c h e s 8 i n c h e s 15 inches It will be noticed that Mr. Robinson compiled his table in inches owing to the diversity of allowance given by backsight scales with varying sight bases, the data being gathered when firing .22 R.F. ammunition, having perhaps the highest muzzle velocity of any brand of that calibre yet manufactured, i.e., " E.H.V." (West- phalian) and " H.P.S." (King's Norton), both being known to give the best results at 200 yards. J can thoroughly recommend the first column of figures in the WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UKiSOVEMBER, 1918.83 tabic, having- compared tlrem with my own calculations, compiled from my score register of match shooting when firing over the loo yards, using a B.S.A. No. 12 model and U.M.C. ammunition. For ranges beyond two hundred yards I question whether a table of allowances could be framed which would act as a guide to the courageous shot who desires to obtain a sporting shoot over the 300, 400, or 500 yards ranges. However, for comparison with the given data for loo and 200 yards, I have submitted a table of a l l o w a n c e s w h i c h w a s f o r w a r d e d t o m e f o r t r i a l . s o m e few years back, when the oft-maligned black powder R. F. ammunition of government manufacture was being used on club miniature ranges. As imagination appears obviously to have entered into these calculations I cannot advise any of my readers to give them a trial; however, I append them for what they are worth. Wind from points corresponding to figures on clock face. G or 1-2 1, 7, or 11 2, 4, 8, or 10 3 or 9 o'clock E i u i o e d e v i a t i o n ' o - ' c l o c k o ' c l o c k d e v i a t i o n y a r d s . h i e h o r d e v i a t i o n d e v i a t i o n l e f t o r l o w . l e f t o r r i a h t . l e f t o r r i g h t . r i g h t . 300 6.00 in. 20.00 in. 36.60 in. 40.00 in. 400 10.00 ,, 36.50 ,, 5ft. 6in. 6ft. lin. 500 15-71 i, 55-6o ,, 8ft. 4in. gft. 4in. I w a s i n f o r m e d t h a t t h i s w i n d t a b l e w a s b a . s e d o n a wind of lo miles per hour strength, moving, therefore, at a rate of 14.6 feet per second, which we consider a pleasant breeze. For lesser or greater wind velocities the figures have to be varied proportionately. The direc tion of the wind is invariably classified by clock figures as if a clock lay flat before the rifleman, the " 6 o'clock " a t h i s f e e t , t h e " 1 2 o ' c l o c k " i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f h i s target. A "12 or 6 o'clock " blows from rifleman to target, or vice versa, a " 3 or g o'clock " blows at right angles to the line to the paper. Suppose, for example, we were at 400 yards, with a lo-milc breeze blowing directh' across the range, from g to 3 o'clock. According to the above table the bullet w o u l d b e b l o w n o u t o f i t s c o u r s e a d i s t a n c e o f 6 f t . l i n . Again, supposing we were shooting at 30Q yards while a 6 o'clock pleasant breeze was blowing, the table informs us that the'wind would accelerate the flight of the bullet to the extent that it would strike the target six inches higher, so that an allowance must be made for it in our scale of elevation. However, this accelerating or retarding effect is regarded by some of our .22 calibre rifle experts as not being sufficient to be appreciable when shooting at 200 yards—the extreme range for accuracy—asserting that it is generally lost in some bigger elevation change that has to be made for light or atmospheric conditions. Miniature rifle shooting- on military ranges and club shooting differ considerably. In the former we endeavour to produce a good standard when firing at fairly large figures, whereas in the latter we are not satisfied until our targets register the highest possible number of points. But then there is a big- difference in the sighting of rifles. The rifle used for military purposes has a sight fitted similar to that used on a Service rifle, while very few club members use any but the " peep " or the orthoptic sight, and when firing only at one distance, adjust it to the vertical and lateral zero for the range and use it year i n a n d y e a r o u t , a i m i n g " d e a d o n " e a c h t i m e . N o w lateral adjustment is rarely carried out on a military range, so that if there is a rifle which throws left or right the firer is compelled to aim off, as though he were allowing for wind, to obtain figure hits. The club mem ber who has been accustomed to treat his backsight to allow for his own j>eculiarities of sight and hold receives a set-back when called upon to use a military pattern rifle on a Service range. He knows that the backsight is not meant to be fixed even on a Service rifle and very often at the danger of raising the ire of the instructor moves the wind gauge screw with the object of obtaining zero laterally. However, the club shot soon recognises that his fine adjustment is of little use to him as a war shot and so amiably accepts the methods adopted. One could discourse at great length up>on the merits and demerits of varioris sights which are placed on the m a r k e t f o r t h e r i fl e m a n ' s s e l e c t i o n a n d d e s c r i b e t h e differences between them, but that would be an unpar d o n a b l e d i g r e s s i o n a t t h i s m o m e n t . To o b t a i n a b s o l u t e accuracy in the first place we must fit a really good orthoptic sight of the " stem " pattern rigidly and up right, one capable of eas\' manipulation. The elevation scale of the orthoptic backsight is generally divided into divisions each one-twentieth of an inch; these divisions, usually about sixteen, can be sub-divided into fifths, each equalling one-hundredth of an inch, bj' means of a moving v e r n i e r s c a l e . Now before we can satisfactorily correct an error in shooting it is necessary that we should know the extent o f t h a t e r r o r a n d i t s c a u s e . W e h a v e a s c e r t a i n e d t h e "error of the day," and we are confident that we are holding well, but there remain two essential things to be observed before proceeding further. The first is : How to alter our elevation or windage a single degree without g u e s s w o r k ; a n d t h e s e c o n d , t h e e f f e c t t h i s w i l l h a v e i n changing- the spot where the bullet hits the target. How often is an incorrect setting of sights or a very hazy knowledge of the vernier scale responsible for an in different score, even by men who have been club shooting for years? I know my readers will declare that there is not one but dozens of other causes that all militate against an ordinary club rifleman repeatedly " finding the bull " at the 50 and 100 yards ranges. But, nevertheless, I am convinced that the thoughtless twist of the screw has often spelt disaster, not only to the tyro, but to many of our clubmen who have never troubled to understand the reading of the scale, so I will therefore endeavour m my next chapter to clearly explain its features, features which unquestionably—when the difficulty of focussing was removed—went ver}-, far to recommend the orthoptic sight as the sight to be employed when seeking absolute accuracy . In conclusi<4n, it is my conviction that the proper place in which to gather a useful understanding of the purpose and intention of the windgauge and elevation scales is on the miniature range with a reliable ortlioptac sighted rifle and a good spotting 'scope; then—and not until then—apply that learning to your efforts in open competition with the best talent of the rifle shootin^r world. {To be continued.) WWW.RIFLEMAN.ORG.UKNext >